Massachusetts statesman Daniel Webster, shown in an undated photograph, cemented his position as the chief spokesman for the national Union through the Webster-Hayne debates. In response to the looming political battle and in an effort to appease Southerners, Congress passed the Tariff of , lowering the rates but maintaining a rate that was still highly protectionist. The newly elected South Carolina legislature responded by calling for a state nullification convention.
South Carolina courts were to ignore Supreme Court decisions on the constitutionality of tariffs and the following warning was delivered to President Jackson:. We, the People of South Carolina. South Carolina, therefore, was threatening not only to openly defy the federal government but also to put up armed resistance and possibly secede.
President Jackson responded with his own proclamation regarding nullification, in which he stated:. The Constitution of the United States. The power to annul a law of the United States, assumed by one State, [is] incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with every great principle on which it was founded, and destructive of the great object for which it was formed.
We must be prepared for the crisis. With John C. With that deadline on the horizon, Jackson urged Congress to pass the Force Bill, giving him the authority to enforce the federal tariff via the military. While he was ramping up the conflict with the Force Bill proposal on the one hand, Jackson was attempting to defuse the situation on the other by advocating rapid tariff reduction. Congress also recognized the political wisdom of lowering tariff levels. Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky introduced a series of bills that sought to avert violence over the crisis.
He engineered the Compromise Tariff of ; it stipulated that protectionism would be ended by via reduction on import taxes. The Compromise Tariff of was balanced by the passage of the Force Bill, which gave the president congressional approval for using military force to enforce federal laws. Although the compromise ultimately gave South Carolina some of what it wanted with a reduced tariff, it also reinforced that the federal government would not tolerate state nullification.
The Nullification Crisis had serious long-term repercussions and ultimately laid the ideological and political groundwork for the secession of southern states thirty years later. Sectional differences and the inability to find a long-term compromise over the issue of slavery and its expansion then erupted into open warfare and tore the Union apart.
How would a proponent of state nullification describe the relationship between the states and the federal government? Which group would agree most with the arguments made in the South Carolina Exposition and Protest? The arguments made by Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina in his debates with Senator Daniel Webster agree with all the following except.
We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain and it is hereby declared and ordained, that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities, and now having actual operation and effect within the United States,. Jackson, Andrew. Exposition and Protest. Twentieth Congress. Twenty-Second Congress.
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Enter your search terms:. It held that states have the right to declare null and void any federal law that they deem unconstitutional. The doctrine was based on the theory that the Union is a voluntary compact of states and that the federal government has no right to exercise powers not specifically assigned to it by the U.
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions declared nullification to be the rightful remedy by the states for all unauthorized acts done under the pretext of the Constitution.
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