Standards of medical care in diabetes— abridged for primary care providers. Demmers A. Effects of medicinal food plants on impaired glucose tolerance: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Diabetes Res. Poolsup N. Effects of curcumin on glycemic control and lipid profile in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Suksomboon N. Meta-analysis of the effect of herbal supplement on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Mirzaei H. Phytosomal curcumin: A review of pharmacokinetic, experimental and clinical studies. Derosa G. Effect of curcumin on circulating interleukin-6 concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Strimpakos A. Redox Signal. Aggarwal B. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
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Cancer Res. Neerati P. Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Appendino G. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity PWV , left brachial-ankle PWV, aortic augmentation pressure, aortic augmentation index, and aortic augmentation index decrease significantly. The authors attributed the lack of statistical reduction in endothelial dysfunction markers as adiponectin, leptin, ICAM, and VCAM due to methodological analysis limitations.
In the trial performed by Vanaie et al. The authors recognized some study limitations, such as small sample size and short intervention time. The treatment of patients with T2DM with nano-curcumin capsules showed a beneficial effect on depression and anxiety. Moreover, curcumin was safe and well-tolerated during the study However, these effects were minor, and no significant effect was observed for stress.
The authors considered that the intervention might show better effects in the long term or higher supplementation doses. Funamoto et al. Besides, the authors noticed that leptin demonstrated a decreasing trend after administration of Theracurmin. The results of Shafabakhsh et al. The authors concluded that this supplementation showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, they recognized some limitations in the trial, since they did not check compliance to nano-curcumin intake, and they were also unable to determine the effects of the administration on other biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Another clinical trial developed by Shafabakhsh et al. The clinical trial developed by Mokhtari et al. Therefore, the study revealed strengths, such as the first study that evaluated the effects of nano-curcumin on wound healing parameters and metabolic control in DFU patients.
As DFU patients are susceptible to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders, there was a good rationale for this project. However, the trial had few limitations, including the small sample size and the short intervention period. Furthermore, the authors could not assess the effects of curcumin supplementation on gene expression related to insulin resistance, lipid homeostasis, and inflammation in patients with DFU.
The trials that met the eligibility criteria for this review showed that curcumin significantly improves insulin resistance, serum glucose levels, HbA1c, lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with T2DM. Despite this, as T2DM remains incurable, understanding the role of curcumin in this pathology may represent a new therapeutic target. T2DM has a multifactorial pathology and affects thousands of people worldwide.
Its treatment consists of lifestyle changes, diet, physical activity, and therapies with medications for the rest of life. We suggest that more robust and rigorous randomized controlled clinical trials are carried out to establish the role of curcumin in the therapeutics of T2DM. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
All the authors contributed equally to the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Google Scholar. Biomedicines 9 2 Eur J Nutr 1— Wittwer J, Bradley D. Front Immunol Front Endocrinol Int J Mol Sci 22 4 Front Physiol Molecules Basel Switzerland 25 23 Biomedicines 9 1 Molecules Basel Switzerland 26 4 Complement Therapies Clin Pract Aust New Z J Psychiatry Br J Pharmacol — Exp Ther Med — Drugs and Lactation Database Lactmed.
Phytoconstituents: A Review. J Cell Biochem — Acta Pharmacol Sin — Inflammopharmacology — Complement Therapies Med —5. Nutrients 13 2 Nutr Rev — Pharmacol Res — Curr Opin Lipidol — Sahebkar A. Curcuminoids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridaemia. Nat Rev Cardiol BMJ Clin Res ed b Avicenna J Phytomed 6 5 — PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. According to an article published in January in the Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry , antioxidants help fight against free radicals, which are molecules produced by behaviors like smoking , drinking alcohol, eating fried food, or being exposed to air pollution or pesticides, and which cause oxidative damage.
These behaviors, according to a blog article from Huntington's Outreach Project for Education at Stanford University , trigger cell dysfunction and may increase your risk for chronic diseases including diabetes.
The cool thing about antioxidants is that they scavenge those harmful free radicals and render them nontoxic to cells, helping stave off disease. Researchers believe inflammation and oxidative damage are closely related in their ability to contribute to disease risk, as noted in a review published in January in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.
An article in EMBO Reports makes the case that inflammation is the underlying state of just about every disease, from autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis to metabolic ones such as obesity, and even infectious diseases like the common cold. The potential to stunt or treat chronic conditions is why agents that block inflammation are so fascinating to scientists.
Type 2 diabetes is just one disease tied to inflammation and oxidative stress, notes a review in Nature Reviews Immunology.
In particular, oxidative stress likely plays a role in insulin resistance , the hallmark of type 2 diabetes that affects insulin secretion and leads to uncontrolled blood sugar, the authors write. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, turmeric supplements may help with blood sugar management in people with type 2 diabetes.
A review of mice research published in November in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine cites studies that suggest curcumin may help lower A1C — a two- to three-month blood sugar average — insulin sensitivity, and fasting blood sugar, in addition to preventing weight gain.
But a study published in April in the Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry found that human participants who supplemented their Glucophage metformin — a diabetes medication that helps lower blood sugar — with turmeric did lower their blood sugar, inflammation, and levels of oxidative stress.
Table 1 Diabetic animal models employed in studying the effect of curcumin on glycemia. Animal Induction of diabetes route and dose Curcumin route and dose Course of treatment Reference Wistar rats i.
Curcumin and Diabetes-Associated Liver Disorders Diabetic patients often suffer from fatty liver disease and other liver disorders [ 39 ]. Curcumin and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Adipose tissue plays an important role in controlling wholebody glucose homeostasis [ 60 ].
Curcumin and Diabetic Neuropathy Diabetic neuropathy is neuropathic disorders that are associated with DM. Curcumin and Diabetic Nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent albuminuria, progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate, and elevated arterial blood pressure [ 93 ].
Curcumin and Diabetic Vascular Disease Vascular disease is a common long-term complication of diabetes. Curcumin and Other Diabetes-Associated Complications The effects of curcumin on other diabetes-associated complications have been demonstrated by several studies. Curcumin and Its Anti-Inflammatory Actions Inflammation is now recognized as one of the main contributors to diabetes and may be ameliorated by diminishing the underlying causes [ ].
Curcumin and Its Antioxidant Actions Increasing evidence demonstrates that increased levels of circulating ROS are involved in diabetes. Curcuminoids Curcuminoids exhibit biological activities similar to those of curcumin [ ] Table 2. Table 2 The applications of curcuminoids in treating diabetes and its associated disorders. Figure 2. Conflict of Interests The authors declare that they have no conflicting of interests. Authors' Contribution DZ was the lead author and synthesized the literature.
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